Wednesday, October 30, 2019
Should individuals have the right to end their lives by means of Essay
Should individuals have the right to end their lives by means of euthanasia (physician-assisted suicide) - Essay Example Some patients believe that they have their â€Å"constitutional right†(Goldman & Schafer, 2011, p.7) to make a decision about their life and opting for a more dignified death. Forman (2008, p.7) writes that the concept of assisted suicide is common to euthanasia which literally means good death. There is a thought that such a practice is a blessing for those who are suffering from endless pain that cannot be lessened even with the use of medicine or years of treatment. Panzer (2000, par.8) states that, â€Å"One method of hastening death used by physicians, nurses and even family members is to administer overly high dosages of narcotics, sedatives or antidepressants when the patient has no need for them.†Lethal injections are also used to hasten death. High doses of morphine are also given. Hence, the primary aim is never to kill and to get relieved ourselves, but to help the patient to die an easy death and relieve him of his pain. Moreover, individual’s consent matters the most (Behuniak & Svenson, 2003, p.11). Otherwise, obviously, it becomes a murder. After all, it is he who is suffering from all the pain and distress. It is a very hard task to decide whether or not to take a patient’s life deliberately. Consider a patient with a deadly disease or cruel debility which has made his life so unbearable and so troublesome with pain that pleasing, significant, focused survival has ceased to exist. If such a patient says, â€Å"I am unable to bear this pain. This is becoming intolerable for me and I no longer want to become a burden on my family. Please relieve me of this torment.†After considering all alternatives, it would be wise for the physician to respect and honor his choice of dignified death. The role of the physician is to do what is in the best interest of the patient (Orfali, 2011); and sometimes, it becomes better for the patient to die instead of living in torment and despair w hen there is no chance
Monday, October 28, 2019
Value of Art in Society Essay Example for Free
Value of Art in Society Essay Art is a very powerful means of expressing ones self, and it can be viewed either very positively or very negatively. Art has a way of bringing people together by portraying an idea that everyone can relate to. It has the ability to have a big impact on society, but its just a matter of getting people appreciate the value of it. (Lawrence 1). Suzanne Lacy created a chart of artists roles to show you the different steps an artist can take from being private or public. There is the artist as an experiencer, the artist as a reporter, and artist as an analyst, and the artist as an activist. As Suzzanne Lacy puts it, Artists as reporters represent their world. Artists as experiencers give tangible form to their feelings about the world. Artists as analysts look beyond the immediate to reveal hidden universal truths. And artists as activists help us see the world in new ways. (Sayre 66). The activists even expect their work to impact the world. They believe they can affect the world and change it for the better. (Sayre 66). In 1967, when the NEA, National Endowment for the Arts, was created, artists could finally express their art in a way for people to value art for arts sake. What this meant was people could finally look at art and value it for its beauty as an aesthetic object. Not all art has to be practical or functional. Some art is just meant to be seen, and meant to be pleasing to look at. As soon as people could embrace the idea of valuing art for arts sake and appreciating it, then art could start to enhance their social life. The NEA figured that if people enjoyed looking at public art, then having public art in itself enrich peoples lives. It would give them something beautiful to look at, and at least make their town more interesting. (Sayre 71-72). Public arts are not always perceived to be positive. There are many artistic pieces that have been shunned and looked down upon by the public. Many large sculptures have been negatively looked at by the public eye, such as Carl Andres Stone Field Sculpture, and Richard Serras Tilted Arc. When the Stone Field Sculpture was first put up there were protesters, and a lot people felt that it was a waste of their money and time. But after it was up, and people started to see it for what it was, they actually started to enjoy it. Andre believed his piece to be not only aesthetically pleasing, but also intellectually compelling. (Sayre 72-73. ) I feel that society could potentially be moved positively by art if they would allow themselves to appreciate it, and from there, take action. The awareness that comes from art will only lead to a better society if the people take action based on the ideas they discover in art. (Lawrence 1). WORKS CITED Lawrence, Joyce. Art in Society. 2002. Accessed 8 Jan. 2006. Sayre, Henry M. A World of Art. New Jersey: Pearson Education. 2004
Saturday, October 26, 2019
THE WAI AND DISABLED POPULATIONS :: Essays Papers
THE WAI AND DISABLED POPULATIONS Introduction-In a world where the Internet is the fastest growing method of communication and educational resources, it should be available to all of its users. However, it seems that the creators seemed to have left out a certain group of people. This group of people would be the disabled population of the world. It might seem to the "normal person" that this is not a big issue. Contrary to what people might think it truly is. The Web Accessibility Initiative was established by the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C). Its promise is to assure all users of the web a fair and equal opportunity for people with disabilities. There are many important reasons why web accessibility is important. Not many people realize how many obstacles the web has for people with disabilities. This affects millions of people throughout the world. Some of these include visual disabilities. For example, web sites that have poorly marked-up table or frames, unlabeled graphics or undescribed videos. People with hearing disabilities also experience problems, such as lack of captioning for audio, and proliferation of text with out visual markers. Other sites on the web are also unfair for people who have cognitive or neurological disabilites. This can cause problems because of flickering or strobing graphics on pages, and highly complicated presentations and language use(Brewer). In October 1994, the W3C was created to lead the information superhighway to it's highest potential by developing a set of guidelines that ensure its evolution, accessibility and understanding by everybody. WAI is sponsored by a mixed group of government and industry supporters of accessibility. It has three different guidelines to address different needs. 1.) Web Content Accessibility Guidelines 1.0. 2.) Authoring Tool Accessibility Guidelines 1.0 3.)User Agent Accessibility Guidelines 1.0 Each guideline has specific supporting documents and resources. Some examples of this are checklists, technique documents with implementation detail, curricula, and logos. Research and development can have a major impact on the future of web accessibility. WAI plays a key role in assessing trends in implementations of accessible and inaccessible web technologies. It also helps with devoloping collaborations with research projects to promote awareness of the need for accessibility and benefits of universal design. For people with disabilites the Internet has been a "mixed blessing(Brewer)". Inaccessibility is unfair because the Internet is an excellent source for news, information, commerce, distance learning, email, voting, entertainment and even keeping in touch with family and friends.
Thursday, October 24, 2019
Persuasive speech Essay
`Americans should be considered equal and allowed the opportunity to marry a person of the same sex if they desire`.               For years, marriage has been defined as the union of a man and woman. In fact, in the United States, the Defense of Marriage Act has been passed by the Congress. This has prohibited and denied same-sex marriages. According to democracynow.org, this issue on same-sex marriages has continued to bring out divided and different opinions from people, though some states have stepped towards allowing legal rights to gay marriages. According to law.richmond.edu, same sex marriage has become a major constitutional issue.               In all these debates, my stand is that we should allow this kind of marriage. I believe that every person, whatever his or her gender is, should be treated with equality.               Mary Bonauto, the Civil Rights Project Director of Gay & Lesbian Advocates & Defenders, said that civil rights movements make an effort â€Å"to create a world without privileged places from which individuals or groups of people are excluded solely because of personal characteristics.†They have struggled for women, African Americans and now lesbians and gays in America. Are we to overlook and disregard those struggles? If they have fought for equality for women and for African Americans and we have learned to accept it, why can we not give way to equality in terms of marriage? Gays and lesbian couples want to get married simply because they love each other deeply. Bonauto said that these people view marriage as the ultimate means of expressing their love for each other, just like other people do. Many of these couples would want to marry if only they were allowed to do so, according to bc.edu.               According to law-library.rutgers.edu, Mary Becker, Professor of Law at DePaul University College of Law found the real good in marriage, it being â€Å"an intimate human connection that transcends gender and procreation†. Professor Becker suggests that the government should support a model that advances â€Å"human happiness and well-being†in its regulation of marriage.               There had been a lot of arguments on this, though. I quote from a press release from white house.gov, â€Å"America is a free society, which limits the role of government in the lives of our citizens. This commitment of freedom, however, does not require the redefinition of one of our most basic social institutions. Our government should respect every person, and protect the institution of marriage. There is no contradiction between these responsibilities. We should also conduct this difficult debate in a manner worthy of our country, without bitterness or anger.†              Also, the site cwfa.org cites things that gay marriages can result to, such as weakening of the family and the encouragement of people to remain homosexual.               Well, what I have to say is I think that every person has a choice to become what he wants to be. He can choose what to make of that right. What steps can we do to solve this issue? For starters, if we are to respect every person in the real sense, we are not to let discrimination hurt anyone. And I know that each of us can handle this debate without bitterness. I hope we could all open our eyes and see beyond ourselves, to see where other people come from and what they believe in and to respect what they uphold. If we say that we are a free society then let’s show it. Let us give gay couples the freedom to marry if they want to.               At some point in our lives, we may have experienced discrimination in various ways. And we know that doesn’t feel good. You see, we all have rights. And we need to treat all people, including gays and lesbians equally and with respect, just like how we want to be treated. Same-sex marriage is not a bad thing. Gay marriages just prove that marriage, love and commitment pass beyond gender. Think of this. What if you were in their shoes, not having the chance to marry the person you love because of gender biases? How would you feel? Live and let live. Sources: Becker, M., â€Å"Family Law in the Secular State and Restrictions on Same-Sex Marriage: Two Are Better Than One,†University of Illinois Law Review, 2001:1-56, Retrieved November 21, 2006 from http://law-library.rutgers.edu/SSM.html#pro Bonauto, M. L., â€Å"Civil Marriage as a Locus of Civil Rights Struggles,†Human Rights, 30(3):3-7 ( 2003) (American Bar Association, Section of Individual Rights and Responsibilities) Retrieved November 21, 2006, from http://www.abanet.org/ Henkle,G. (2004). Same Sex Marriage In The News. Retrieved November 21,2006, from http://law.richmond.edu/ Knight, R. (2003). ‘Gay Marriage’ Is Not Only Wrong; It’s Socially Destructive. Retrieved November 21, 2006, from http://www.cwfa.org/ Wriggins,J. MARRIAGE LAW AND FAMILY LAW: AUTONOMY, INTERDEPENDENCE, AND COUPLES OF THE SAME GENDER, Retrieved November 21, 2006, from http://www.bc.edu/ Gay Marriage in Native America (2005). Retrieved November 21,2006, from http://www.democracynow.org/ President Calls for Constitutional Amendment Protecting Marriage (2004). Retrieved November 21, 2006, from http://www.whitehouse.gov/
Wednesday, October 23, 2019
Reflections of the Communist Manifesto and the Social Movement Essay
For many, these ideals include national and social institutions, which make up the essence of their government allowing its citizens to identify with the status quo and maintain balance in their society. The question is not which institutions should be valued for most would agree that a proper balance of these make up any government; the main question lies in which institutions a society should value in order to achieve their goal, thus separating the school of thought pertaining to conservative and liberal thinkers. The simple and straightforward institution of a hierarchy comes into play when discussing the ideas of such thinkers. Maintaining a proper government is a delicate and complicated skill only acquired by the educated, rational men set out to implement it. Said skills â€Å"require a deep knowledge of human nature†¦ and of the things which facilitate or obstruct the various ends which are to be pursued by the mechanism of civil institutions†and is the civic duty of only certain members of society. If the government belonged to the State and was the sole property belonging to every individual within that State, there would never be a balance, for not every man is entitled nor has the necessary knowledge to carry out the needs of the State. In other words, not every man in society may acquire these skills in the same way considering some men will be naturally better and faster than others. Specializations do and must exist in society, some belonging to politicians and persons of State, others to farmers and shopkeepers, and others to scholars and true professionals. It is irrational to assume that one would resort to a professor of metaphysics with regards to food or medicine as opposed to a farmer or a physician1. Karl Marx rightfully entertained the idea, however, that the bourgeoisie eliminated industries and institutions (and will continue to do so), laid out by history hundreds of years before, and in doing so created an unstable and fragile ground for the birth of new institutions which would inevitably meet their doom under the control of the ever changing bourgeoisie revolution. In this respect, we should commend Marx, for his insight in the matter justifies the idea that the bourgeoisie revolution was performed rashly and ignorantly with complete disregard for the citizens (other than those pertaining to their own group) that would be affected. All the â€Å"fixed, fast-frozen relations, with their train of ancient and venerable prejudices and opinions are swept away, all new-formed ones become antiquated before they can ossify†and therefore will never maintain what is necessary to carry out a proper, balanced government. These barbaric groups of individuals only take into account their personal gain; they always seek and will seek the best way to take advantage of their political power. We must acknowledge that, as opposed to the godless society that socialism proposes under what seems like an imaginative state of mind, the bourgeoisie still maintain the stratification system that any society would be lost without. However, this system means very little without the hard-earned and well established institutions which lasted centuries, pleased millions and most importantly survived the test of time when even the greatest of men could not. With said institutions displaced, there are none to replace them for â€Å"no simple disposition or direction of power can be suitable either to man’s nature, or to the quality of his affairs†which makes the bourgeoisie unprepared and simply unfit to compose a brand new government to fill the hole left in current society. Marx justly shames the bourgeois State for not only eradicating long standing institutions. And I venture further in shaming them, for â€Å"our institutions can never be embodied†¦ so as to create in us love, veneration, admiration, or attachment†¦. [And] that sort of reason which banishes the ffections is incapable of filling their place†3. To think that a group of selfish, barbaric, rash individuals can enhance a government that was built on devotion and respect is a false assumption of all that is reasonable. Granted, Karl Marx would do away with all forms of stratification, but he still recognizes one of the greatest faults in th e current regime: the bourgeoisie â€Å"has reduced the family relation to a mere money relation†. It has converted our most sacred institution into a power- and production-gaining scheme where arrogance is encouraged and love for our country blatantly dejected. Marx firmly believed that the entirety of the working class was to unite and create a communal system in which every man is entitled the fruits of other men’s labor and vice-versa. This view includes the idea that all property is communal and that man has no country, meaning all major aspects of current economy should belong to the State. Hard working men fulfill their duty for all of society to benefit and no one particular man would be deemed to work better, faster, or for a higher wage than another man, in any form (through wages, property or social status). Simple measures must be implemented in order to win the battle of democracy which include, among others, the removal of all private property and the appropriation of all rents of land to the State, the â€Å"abolition of all rights of inheritance†and the centralization of the State, where all assets pertaining to individuals are to turnover to the government. Thus, property is the least of concerns for the citizen, allowing him to concentrate on providing for the State and continuing the honorable day’s work with shoulders free of the burden of property. Once this is achieved, the opportunity for one class to gain influence or to oppress another, is abolished and with it the concept of political power and class distinction. Such is the view of the communist thinker: a delusional and imagined society where all that is needed for its success is the simple division of all property and the encouragement of camaraderie between all working men. But a decent, well educated thinker would easily disprove this idiotic belief. Property is one of the best traditional institutions. It allows for diversity in classes where by nature, no one can or should be equal. One cannot deny that a man’s natural rights â€Å"exist in total independence†of government and therefore there is no need for its interference in the most sacred of rights: private property. This distinction, granted from birth is, in the views of a sane mind, â€Å"neither unnatural, nor unjust, nor impolitic†7. In simpler words, the right to private property provides, for the stabilization of the State as a whole, security for those entitled to family wealth. The family, one of the strongest and most important traditional institutions in present-day society, depends on â€Å"the power of perpetuating property [for it is]†¦ one of the most valuable and interesting circumstances belonging to it, and that which tends the most to the perpetuation of society itself†7. Without the appropriation of property to the rightful group, the institution composed of family and its values is dissolved. Any paradigm advocating the abolition of property and the removal of family values cannot act as the basis for a successful government. There must be a deprivation of the power to subdue the labor of others through the unequal distribution of products, they say, but â€Å"let [the] large proprietors be†¦the ballast in the vessel of the commonwealth†to allow for balance in society so men can understand the value of their work and the importance of their family. Revolutionaries of any breed, the bourgeois or the socialists, must learn that stomping their feet in protest will merely cause them pain against the cold, stone ground. That is to say, only a well educated, pious, well mannered people should and must control a government to guide and protect the ignorant minds of its subjects for â€Å"even in the mass and body as well as in the individuals, the inclinations of men should frequently be thwarted, their will controlled, and their passions brought into subjection†9. We simply cannot allow a group of uneducated, irrational men to control a government meant for an elite, highly educated and well mannered society. For this very reason, not only is the bourgeoisie unfit to rule society but also the socialist party must be prevented from assuming any sort of political influence on the State. The current state of affairs is an utter disgrace where inferior, mechanical and unlearned men have the fate their peers in their hands. If Marx’s socialists were to have their way, society will meet its doom much faster and under more shame than if any other form of barbaric, rashly driven group were in its place. The pride and essence of any government or institution relies on a well established, patient and fitting group of individuals for â€Å"it is [this] substance and mass of the body which constitutes its character, and must finally determine its direction†10. Marx’s socialists are merely workers, petty wage-laborers that rely on a week’s work for a day’s subsistence; the very same people that cloud the streets in filth, spread disease and would barely be able to make out the headline of a newspaper. To even slightly entertain the idea that such a group is equal or shares the same sensibilities and needs that accompany a respectable and cultured man throughout his day, is preposterous. And to venture further into saying that the work of every man, regardless of merit or education or natural social status, shall be uniformly divided amongst every participant and no one man shall acquire more or less than the man next to him, is an even more appalling idea than the latter. To substitute an ignorant bourgeois regime, â€Å"we shall have an association, in which the free development of each is the condition for free development of all†and where the stratification of class shall be abolished. Is this really the rational conclusion men have come to? Have we no faith or hope for the progress and rightful place of the well respected man in society? That in order for our world to succeed, we must work for the benefit of godless men who have no filial or patriotic attachment to any substance of value and who regard proper morals as a form of subjection? This so called proletariat class of unskilled or semiskilled workers will shortly meet its demise for even throughout the leadership of the great royal family, one could easily identify the greed and avarice in the eyes of the lower class and surely a concentrated group of these people with a shameless lack of education and culture will stray into the hands of said petty feelings once more if only given the opportunity. We cannot entrust and put forth our most sacred ideals and morals in the hands of those who know not what they are or what to do with them. Simply put, â€Å"by having a right to every thing, they [will] want every thing†and thus we can expect they will take from those who respectfully and naturally obtained their fortune, both material and otherwise. The irrational concept of socialism and the so called solution to the bourgeois problem is clearly and undoubtedly the offspring of uneducated and cold hearted thought. We cannot expect for such decisions to comply with the proper and just ideas behind a successful government and we certainly cannot accept those who wish to implement it under the pretence that we are all equal and should strive for a communal society. Class stratification maintains the balance and social order of the strongest of governments and institutions and should never be compromised to fulfill the greedy wants and arrogant needs of the uneducated, unfit and socially incompetent lower class. We must keep in mind that these people have no regard for our values, morals, property, attachments, or ideals. They want to take our land and our possessions, in the process destroying the essence of each of our families and the great institutions which they represent, and divide it equally amongst those of lower rank in order to claim, dominate and revoke the traditions which so peacefully maintained social order throughout history. These godless, soulless beings merely want to abolish all that our ancestors spent centuries to build and replace it with the irrational concept of socialism which will inevitably collapse and leave no trace or strand of hope for those of us remaining faithful to the suitable and just form of social standards. Burke would agree that the bourgeoisie destroys long standing institutions. â€Å"All fixed, fast-frozen relations, with their train of ancient and venerable prejudices and opinions are swept away, all new-formed ones become antiquated before they can ossify†(manifesto pg 6) And yet disagree with Marx’s theory on how to solve this The question is what kind of institutions we ought to value, and it is in this field that conservative thinkers stake out positions that separate them from liberals and libertarians alike.
Tuesday, October 22, 2019
Biometric Technology Essays
Biometric Technology Essays Biometric Technology Paper Biometric Technology Paper Biometric Technology is one of the branches of Automated Identification and Data Capture (AIDC). Automated Identification and Data Capture or AIDC is defined as a collection of technologies that are used to identify objects, collection of their data and entering the data in any database, software or computer system without the need of human involvement. â€Å"The family of Automatic Identification and Data Capture technologies can be broken down into six categories which are: biometrics, electromagnetics, magnetics, optical, smart cards, and touch.†(Automated Identification and Data Capture Biometrics Web Site.) Hence, Biometrical technologies refer to the study of measuring the quantitative, physiological and biological characteristics. It is referred to as the most authentic technique of measuring and in identifying. It can be classified into two groups: identification and/or security. â€Å"Biometric technologies are becoming the foundation of an extensive array of highly secure identification and personal verification solutions.†The use of biometrical technologies for the security purpose is used for government at all levels including federal, local and state and in military. As well as many commercial buildings now requires the personal identification using these methods. This reduces the unauthorized persons accessing the non-permissible zone. The branch of identification is used throughout the commercial enterprises including banks to reduce frauds and crimes. (Biometrics- Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia)            There are several types of biometrical technologies that are used for identification. These include.  ·Ã‚        â€Å"face: the analysis of facial characteristics  ·Ã‚        fingerprint: the analysis of an individual’s unique fingerprints  ·Ã‚        hand geometry: the analysis of the shape of the hand and the length of the fingers  ·Ã‚        retina: the analysis of the capillary vessels located at the back of the eye  ·Ã‚        iris: the analysis of the colored ring that surrounds the eye’s pupil  ·Ã‚        signature: the analysis of the way a person signs his name.  ·Ã‚        vein: the analysis of pattern of veins in the back if the hand and the wrist  ·Ã‚      voice: the analysis of the tone, pitch, cadence and frequency of a person’s voice.† (What is biometrics?) Fingerprint Identification Fingerprinting identification is the most popular and most widely used biometric technology. The advantage of using fingerprinting identification technology is that no two people in this world have the matching fingerprint. â€Å"Because of their uniqueness and consistency over time, fingerprints have been used for identification for over a century, more recently becoming automated (i.e. a biometric) due to advancements in computing capabilities.†(Not Available) The method of fingerprinting identification has been used since the late nineteenth century. The first characteristic points were introduced by Sir William Hersel and later modified by Sir Francis Galton. Although they are altered with time, the ‘Galton Point’ forms the base of fingerprinting identification. In 1960’s, with the advancement of computer technologies, automation took place. Though, the greatest force behind its development was from the FBI’s request for an Automated Fingerprint Identification System (AFIS).  After which it improved greatly. Fingerprint is defined as the impression of ridges and grooves on the ball of a finger. The impression on paper is seen as the series of dark lines. Fingerprinting imaging technology captures and reads this unique pattern. For the purpose of identification these unique lines or ridges are classified in patterns. They can either be in the form of loop, whorl, arch, or composite. In Loop pattern, most of the area is covered by the two diverging lines called the ‘Type Line.’ And, the point nearest to the divergence of these Type Lines is known as ‘Delta.’ The Loop pattern is visualized when lines or ridges start from one side of the finger and reaches the center, this region in known as ‘core.’ The rides then ‘loops’ and moves back to the same side. Loop pattern is the most common variety seen occurring in about 60-70% of the cases. A whorl pattern must have two ‘deltas.’ Moreover, a Core and Type lines should also present. They are visualized as concentric circles formed by the ridges in the center of the finger. The rest of the pattern shapes itself around these circles. The Arch pattern is the simplest type of fingerprint. In this, ridges enter from one side and exit from the other side. It, also, has the tendency to produce an upward thrust like a wave. In this type, no core, delta or type lines are present. Finally, the Composite pattern which is the rarest pattern occurring only in 1-2% of the people. This pattern is visualized as the combination of any of the two types described above. These patterns and their classifications are used for identification by matching and comparing the fingerprint’s minutiae points which are describes as the point where the ridges end or meet. Minutiae points include the following characteristics: Bifurcation: point where ridges split to form braches. Divergence:- point where parallel ridges are spread apart Enclosure: two parallel ridges come together again after being split into two branches. Ending:- termination of a ridge Valley:- the spaces produced on either side of the finger To collect the digital image of fingerprints a variety of sensors are used. There are a wide range of sensors available such as optical sensors, capacitance, ultrasound and thermal sensors. â€Å"Optical sensors are the most commonly but most expensive used sensor today. Optical fingerprint technologies require the user to place his or her finger on a glass substrate at which point an internal light source from the fingerprint device is projected onto the fingerprint. The image is then captured by a charge-coupled device (CCD)†The Capacitive sensor, which takes each pixel based on the measurement of capacitance. That is, it detects the electrical field around the fingerprints. It uses a sensor chip with a range of circuits to accomplish that. Ultrasound sensors use the reflection of light and takes images using prisms.  Lastly, Thermal sensors create the digital image by the difference in the temperature of the skin and the surface of scanner. (Automated Identification and Data Capture Biometrics Web Site.) Fingerprints are widely used in law enforcement, welfare programs, military, government and financial institutions.
Monday, October 21, 2019
Psychology Essay on Gender Differences
Psychology Essay on Gender Differences Free Online Research Papers Gender differences plague us at every point in life from jobs to sports to academics. Research has shown that their really is scientific reasons for these varying skills between males and females. Sports have always been an issue since the playground days of joking about how girls can’t do this or that and boys can. However, as we grow up we realize that this is far from the truth. There are clearly sports in which girls excel over boys and vice versa. For instance, girls naturally possess more strength in their lower bodies than boys and boys are the same way except with their upper bodies instead. This simple piece of information would lead me to believe that girls are better at sports that require more lower-body strength but that isn’t necessarily true. Most girls have tendencies to fear pain and be a â€Å"girly girl†which results in them staying away from contact sports such as football, rugby, or kick-boxing, all which use immense leg strength. Boys on the other hand have the tendency to try to outperform, take risks, as well as show off, especially within their peer group, when they compete in athletics. Boys also seem to be more physical and violent than most girls. All these factors cause the majority of males to participate in more dangerous and contact-driven sports. Of course, within these differences there are equalities and plenty of girls/boys who are better at the others’ stereo-typical sport. Just because boys are naturally more likely to act more dangerously than girls when choosing a sport won’t stop some of those females from beating them at their own game. If someone has the heart and the drive for something they want, that’s all they need to do it just as good as the next person. Research Papers on Psychology Essay on Gender DifferencesEffects of Television Violence on ChildrenPersonal Experience with Teen PregnancyUnreasonable Searches and SeizuresHarry Potter and the Deathly Hallows EssayResearch Process Part OneInfluences of Socio-Economic Status of Married MalesWhere Wild and West MeetThe Hockey GameThree Concepts of PsychodynamicGenetic Engineering
Sunday, October 20, 2019
5 Tips on How to Run a Writing Group
5 Tips on How to Run a Writing Group 5 Tips on How to Run a Writing Group 5 Tips on How to Run a Writing Group By Mark Nichol You’ve got your writing group up and running. All the hard work’s over, right? Wrong. Just like any smooth-running machine, a writing group requires maintenance. Here are some tips for tender, loving care: 1. Construct Criticism Model proactive and up-front critiquing etiquette. Advise everyone to start positive with a compliment, then offer honest but objective, well-supported, and practical advice, and then conclude with another commendation. Continuously reinforce the message that no one is served when criticism is withheld; only focused, writing-centered (not writer-centered) commentary will help the writer grow. 2. Vary the Routine Some people might be ready to email a writing sample a week ahead of time to give others a chance to read and critique before the next meeting. Those selections don’t need to be read aloud before the group; you can go straight to discussion. (Hand the writer an annotated hard copy or return by email, with inserted notes, the file they sent you.) Others can pass around copies of a cold read and read it aloud while others jot down notes, then go to discussion. Yet others might simply read a shorter passage for a moment’s worth of specific advice, ask a few general questions without reading at all, or pass altogether that week, participating only in discussion about others’ work. (You may not have time to go over every group member’s project at each meeting anyway.) But don’t let any one member get away with following the same routine every time. Suggest a writing session every now and then: Everybody comes to the meeting, writes for an hour, then convenes to take turns reading part or all of their resulting selection for five minutes and getting one minute of feedback from each member. 3. Do Your Homework Establish expectations for criticism: When you read the writing of other group members, take notes, writing down questions, suggestions, and compliments. Be specific when you critique, praising a vivid description in particular or recommending more character development with detailed advice. Focus, however, not on telling others what to do but on asking questions to help them decide what to do. If you don’t understand something, or you feel that details are lacking, ask for an explanation or background information. Then, gently advise the author to incorporate their response into the narrative. Your homework also involves setting your ego aside and acting on others’ critiques. What’s the use of investing so much time and energy in this process if you don’t take feedback to heart? 4. Take a Break At regular intervals, step back from the critiquing cycle to meet just to advise or brainstorm about how to organize notes, do research, or work on character, plot, tone, and so on. Several times a year, go to a book reading together, or watch a movie or a play together and, for homework, draft a â€Å"novelization†or a rewrite of a scene and bring it to the next meeting. Compile a list of prompts for when members hit the wall. 5. Check In Periodically evaluate how the group is going. Are your meetings too often, not often enough, or just right? Too long, not long enough, or ideal? Is someone missing too many meetings or wallflowering, or does one person dominate them? Is everybody getting what they want out of the experience? What’s the procedure when somebody’s not fitting in? What do you do when one or more members drop out, or one or more members feel like increasing the number of people in the group? How do you recruit, and how do you decide whether to accept candidates? Establish and review your membership policies. Above all, remember that although the group is a democratic body that should operate by consensus, you, as the founder, must continue to moderate the proceedings and nudge everyone to always honor its principles and purposes. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Fiction Writing category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Program vs. ProgrammeHomonyms, Homophones, Homographs and HeteronymsForming the Comparative of One-syllable Adjectives
Saturday, October 19, 2019
Causes of income inequality in the UK and evaluate the measures that Essay
Causes of income inequality in the UK and evaluate the measures that could be used by the UK government to achieve a more equal distribution of wealth - Essay Example and Scott, G., 2012). The same cannot be said for high manual labor demanding jobs characterized by unpredictable shortages of skilled manpower. These have higher individual income rates than high growth rate jobs. The service sector in the UK which demands for low-skill and has limited trade union cover is the worst in terms of worker remunerations. The sector is often characterized by employment insecurity and unclear job descriptions which vary depending on the market demand, employers’ unique needs as well as personal pressures/ stress/ problems. The effect of globalization has seen an influx of high-skill jobs especially in high growth industries. Persons with unique skills are increasingly getting well paid than witnessed in previous years. Academic exposure has also defined the industrial/ job variations with professionals being scaled depending on their levels of education (Mooney, G. and Scott, G., 2012). This is the main factor determining labor as skilled, un-skille d, manual, automated, permanent, contractual and casual, among other classifications within the United Kingdom. State benefits including unemployment income and benefits from the state welfare are critical in the United Kingdom individual income disparities. This is because the state benefits are directly connected to the prevailing retail prices within the economy and not in any way indexed to the earnings of individuals (Eibel, D., Rockika, E., and Leaman, J., 2013). This explains why relative incomes of people who are state benefit oriented decreases over time. This factor has defined the inflation effect on large families surviving on minimum wage as well as households’ dependant on pension. The third factor in unequal income distribution is unemployment. This affects income distribution in both the short-run and long-run. In the long-run it affects education, quality of labour as well
Marketing Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words
Marketing Management - Essay Example Successful organizations tend to such things and hence positive results follow. The organization that I have chosen is TESCO, which is a well diversified company working in many different ventures and has created a great deal of value in the eyes of their customer. Tesco’s Mission statement and Aim The mission that Tesco wants to achieve is ‘creating value for customers, to earn their lifetime loyalty.’ Tesco holds values which give priority to the customers, their wants, requirements and expectations. It sets principles which motivate innovation and strategies to initiate programs and introduce services which the loyal customers expect to have. Tesco believes in the principle, ‘treat people how we will like to be treated.’ It emphasizes an organizational environment where respect, mutuality, collaborative work and sharing is highly regarded. It provides clear aims of satisfying customers and the employees are given guidelines on achieving these aims (Tesco plc). Marketing Mix – TESCO The main function of marketing is to satisfy customer need profitably through an appropriate marketing mix. Marketing mix comprises product, price, place, promotion. Marketing mix is an important and strategically important concept. The 4P’s element in the marketing mix act substitutes for each other, hence they must be integrated e.g. higher quality of any particular product would lead to higher selling price being sought for it (Sandhusen, 2000). TESCO marketing mix in USA under the Fresh and Easy title is; Product Product element shows the product that a particular company is about to sell. TESCO, entered the USA market with a business well diversified from their core activities, under the brand name of Fresh and Easy, TESCO opened up a grocery store to sell up grocery related products, proper branding was done under the Fresh and Easy label to make customer aware of the presence of a different brand. Fresh and Easy was not profita ble initially when it was launched in 2007 in the U.S.A. later on it provided favorable results and it is expected that by the mid of year 2010 it would turn around as a good profitable venture. Price TESCO approached an aggressive pricing strategy to grab its market share. It went on to give its customers ready meals i.e. selling high value meals at fraction of the normal cost. This pricing strategy would be considered Penetration Pricing i.e. to charge lower prices than that of competitors to achieve early market share. Place Place deals with how product is distributed and how it reaches its final customers. Fresh and Easy had to absorb heavy distribution cost as they had to build their own independent distribution channels. Logistics are an important feature as they determine the efficiency of the distribution system i.e. a warehouse close-by would make it easy and fast to make the product quickly available for the customer. Promotion Promotion is one factor of the marketing mix over which a company usually enjoys greater control. Promotion helps in increasing the knowledge and know-how about the product within its customers. Fresh
Friday, October 18, 2019
Bipolar Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words
Bipolar - Assignment Example There are certain forms of medication that are used to control the symptoms of bipolar disorder It is important to note that, bipolar has different types of medications that can help control its symptoms. However, not every patient with bipolar disorder responds to medications in a similar manner. This means that doctors could prescribe different medications before coming to the ones that work best for a particular patient. The types of medications generally used in the treatment of bipolar disorder include atypical antipsychotics, mood stabilizers and antidepressants (Grunze, et.al, 2013). Mood stabilizers are normally the first choice in the treatment of bipolar. Patients with bipolar generally use mood stabilizers for years. There are several mood stabilizers that are good for people with bipolar. First, lithium also known as Lithobid or Eskalith is an effective mood stabilizer for bipolar patients. It treats both manic and depressive episodes. However, lithium could have side effects including restlessness, bloating, dry mouth, acne and joint and muscle pain among other side effects. The doctor should first check the amount of lithium in the body before prescribing the medication. Secondly, anticonvulsants are also used as stabilizers for people with bipolar disorder. They help control moods. Examples of anticonvulsants include Valproic acid, Lamotrigine, gabapentin, oxcarbazepine and topiramate. However, anticonvulsants could have side effects including drowsiness, headache, dizziness, heartburn, constipation and mood swings (McCance & Huether, 2010). Atypical antipsychotics are used to treat the symptoms of bipolar, however, not all the time. They are prescribed among other medications such as antidepressants and they include olanzapine, aripiprazole and quetiapine. These also have side effects that include dizziness, drowsiness, sensitivity to the sun, menstrual problems for women and rapid heartbeat
Roosevelt's Foreign Policy Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4250 words
Roosevelt's Foreign Policy - Case Study Example During the twenties the American people showed in elections that they were unwilling to join the League, and Roosevelt himself came to distrust it as a distortion of Wilson's project. Advocates of collective security held the United States partly responsible for this distortion because its absence encouraged use of the League for narrowly nationalist purposes by the other victorious Allies. In any case, isolationist sentiment in the Democratic Party became so strong that, in 1932, it was politically expedient for Roosevelt as a presidential candidate to reject United States entry into the League, and this he did before he was nominated. The most important step of the United States government towards collective security before 1933 was the Stimson Doctrine. By it the United States led the world in its first action against an aggression by a first-class power, Japan. It carried into practice the revolution in international law which had occurred since pre First World War days, when the rule had been general consent by the other powers to conquests by one nation and demands for shares in the spoils as compensation. Even the United States had on occasion played that game. When it took the Philippine Islands for itself, it threw a few other Spanish Pacific islands to Germany to quiet its complaints. Japan was always ready to "compensate" the powers, and particularly the United States, for its own gains in Manchuria and China, but the Stimson Doctrine marked a new era in which an aggressor became a criminal who could not bribe the jury. Its ultimate importance may be gauged by the fact that Beard points to Roosevelt's pr e-Inauguration agreement to maintain it as "a fateful step leading in the direction of Pearl Harbour." 1 A supporter of the policy would call it the first of the series of actions which led the United States into the United Nations. That a Republican administration should abandon imperialism in Latin America and move towards collective security in Asia has puzzled observers and historians. The development of public opinion was basic. The personal pacifism of President Hoover was doubtless influential. The Hoover administration was divided between internationalists led by Stimson, who advocated the new policies as steps towards full cooperation with the League of Nations, and imperialists who wished to checkmate Japan as a trade rival and to sacrifice the small gains of direct intervention in the Caribbean republics for the sake of large gains in Latin American good will and trade. Roosevelt and Hull, like Stimson, regarded the new policies as minimum steps. But these renovations of foreign policy passed almost unnoticed by the public at large as the depression caused painful absorption in domestic affairs. The Hoover administration, with its gift for boring the public, had failed to dramatize the issues. Roosevelt, after he was elected President and before he was inaugurated, found in the Stimson Doctrine the only area in which he could cooperate with the outgoing administration. He promised Stimson to maintain his policy and confirmed the promise in a public statement. 2 This connection was the only one Roosevelt was willing to establish with the Hoover administration after the bitter election campaign, and it is symbolic of continuity in favour of collective securi
Thursday, October 17, 2019
Marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 50
Marketing - Essay Example The business policy adopted by the Zip Car is a unique one and the key thing is that they are constantly updating it with the time. Offering low rental, better availability, using high technology to attract people specially the young generation is one the key behind their success over the last 8 years. The company is now the leader of the car rental market in the USA and focusing more to boost their profitability by adopting more advanced business strategies according to the culture and structure and requirement of the society. Zip car is one of the well-known car services in the western world. The process was initiated way back taking into mind the need of the customers in and around the urban areas. In every country people who belong to higher class can afford a number of cars but the number of people in that group is very little. Majority of the people cannot afford a car but in most cases they would love to avail the service. Zip car cash onto this option and started providing car to the customer with nominal price, greater and easy availability, taking environmental pollution under control but provide easy and affordable solution to the people belonging to middle class. The company is now the leading car share company in the world providing rental car to the people and having a customer base of over 700,000 passionate customers. The bottom-line of their offering is Wheels when you want the’. A simple registration process, a comparatively lower rental, variety of choice for different occasion an d different purpose –all these making them the leading player in the car rental service. The business was started 8 years back and profit was increasing every time. The business was started focusing urban life as the need is highest over there. Soon they widen their operation and now they started to focus on environmental policy, tracking more corporate client as well to get more strong hold
Free Market System and Arguments in its Favour Assignment
Free Market System and Arguments in its Favour - Assignment Example In the fee market system, prices are also set by supply and demand, and there is no government intervention. Resources are allocated based on demand of those resources and their supply. The term ‘free market’ refers to the freedom from governmental control and regulations. Market forces set regulation themselves through supply and demand. Arguments given in favour of free market system will be discussed in this section. It is important to understand the concept of supply and demand if we want to understand free market system of resource allocation. Supply refers to the quantity of product that can be supplied by firms. Demand refers to the quantity of product demanded by the consumers. The place where demand and supply curves intersect is called equilibrium price. In free market system resources are allocated through supply demand curves only with no intervention of government. Source: www.learngoldcoins.com Proponents of free market system argue that markets balance or correct themselves and there is no need for any government intervention. According to Adman Smith, an invisible hand balances supply and demand forces and maintains equilibrium (Smith, 1776, Book IV). Invisible hand refers to the ability of the market to balance itself without government intervention, and this is the essence of free market system of resource allocation. ... If a business is profitable other firms will enter into that business driving the profits down and therefore monopolies cannot exist in a free market system. This is one of the biggest advantages of a free market system of resource allocation. Absence of monopolies and cartels is the first argument given in favour of free market system. Efficiency is another advantage of free market system. When price setting is left to market forces, firms operate efficiently using all their resources to produce at lowest possible prices. Increased efficiency is the direct outcome of competition and free market system promotes competition. All firms are free to enter into any business they want and consumers also have a wide range of products and services to go to. There is no government help or intervention therefore firms have to work out a production system that maximizes output and lower costs. This is how free market system of resource allocation promotes efficiency. Another advantage of free m arket system is that consumers have access to a variety of products and services. Whenever there is a demand it is met with supply and this allows consumers to get a wide range of products and services. When production and investment decisions are made by market forces instead of government, resource allocation is done in such a way that benefits the whole society. People generally make economic decisions that are in their interests and therefore through free market system of resource allocation an equitable system is created which benefits the overall benefit of the society. It is argued that people, and not government, know what is in their best interests and therefore resources should be allocated through free market system. In free
Wednesday, October 16, 2019
Marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 50
Marketing - Essay Example The business policy adopted by the Zip Car is a unique one and the key thing is that they are constantly updating it with the time. Offering low rental, better availability, using high technology to attract people specially the young generation is one the key behind their success over the last 8 years. The company is now the leader of the car rental market in the USA and focusing more to boost their profitability by adopting more advanced business strategies according to the culture and structure and requirement of the society. Zip car is one of the well-known car services in the western world. The process was initiated way back taking into mind the need of the customers in and around the urban areas. In every country people who belong to higher class can afford a number of cars but the number of people in that group is very little. Majority of the people cannot afford a car but in most cases they would love to avail the service. Zip car cash onto this option and started providing car to the customer with nominal price, greater and easy availability, taking environmental pollution under control but provide easy and affordable solution to the people belonging to middle class. The company is now the leading car share company in the world providing rental car to the people and having a customer base of over 700,000 passionate customers. The bottom-line of their offering is Wheels when you want the’. A simple registration process, a comparatively lower rental, variety of choice for different occasion an d different purpose –all these making them the leading player in the car rental service. The business was started 8 years back and profit was increasing every time. The business was started focusing urban life as the need is highest over there. Soon they widen their operation and now they started to focus on environmental policy, tracking more corporate client as well to get more strong hold
Tuesday, October 15, 2019
Essay 1 Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 3
1 - Essay Example Some people fear altercation and disobeying authority would require confrontation. Very many people want to appear rational and people with high integrity, and compliance to the authority means they are upholding their dignity. These people want to paint unadulterated picture of them to the authority and by complying with what the authority requires they are able to achieve this. Giving a phony or unjustly account of what took place will make a person obey authority in order to reverse his or her previous sentiments. When ones conscious is not at peace is it even possible for the person to have a peaceful life, knowing that one’s own version will make a person lose his or her life. How can someone live with a false accusation? Unless this person is retarded, because knowing ones version of what happened would be a reason someone innocent is likely to lose his or her life is intolerable. People have so much trust in the authority and not complying with what the authority requires would be so disrespectful on their part. From the age of childhood, people grow to believe an older person should always be respected, so obedience to authority comes naturally. When one fails to respect, authority there is the possibility of the person feeling incompetent and unreliable and it is so palpable that no one wants to be associated with such attributes. Some people comply with the authority for the wrong reasons; they find it hard to say no to the authority because of bribery. Some of them are bribed to give false accounts of what really happened. Such offers are unfeasible for some selfish individuals to turn down. They take up the offers and change their previous versions. There is the issue of threat since it is not likely that authority will be soft and understanding. Sometimes the authority uses threat on witnesses for them to do what the authority requires of
Monday, October 14, 2019
Tomorrow When the War Began Film Review Essay Example for Free
Tomorrow When the War Began Film Review Essay Tomorrow when the war began is an adventure movie written and directed by Stuart Beattie. It is about the occupation of Australia by a foreign power. The film began in the Hunter Region and the Blue mountains, in tNew South Wales, Australia on 28 September 2009 with early shooting in Dungog. The film starts with a video recorded by Ellie Linton (Caitlin Stasey). She said a sentence at the beginning, â€Å"from the beginning†to tell us the story. She is the protagonist and the leader of the camping group. Firstly, Ellie and Corrie Mckenzie (Rachel Hurd-Wood) are suggesting to go camping together and Ellie said she might want to invite more people or friends to join them. Corrie’s best friend is Ellie. Secondly, they found some neighbors, which are Kevin Holmes, Corrie’s boyfriend (Lincoln Lewis), Homer Yannos, Ellie’s next-door neighbor, Fiona Maxwell (Phoebe Tonkin), Lee Takkam, the one who Ellie’s interest (Chris Pang) and the youngest character, Robyn Mathers (Ashleigh Cummings). During their first night of camping, Ellie wake by a lot of aircrafts sounds and the jet fuels. All of the people start to wake up also. They feel badly about the town and they start to pack up and go back to their homes. Since they arrived, there was no one in the town. Ellie’s home was the first stop. They went into her home and looking for her family. They found that her dog was dead and the electricity has shut down by unknown reason. After that, they continued to go to each person’s house. It’s the same with Ellie’s. Upon reaching a small hill, they found that the citizens of the town included their families are being detained by a foreign group. Soldiers spot Ellie and her friends and Ellie saw a man with a shot to the head on the ground get shock then ran away. Then they planned to save their families and used their power to blow up the bridge to against the soldiers. Finally they planned to fight for their families, tomorrow when the war began. There’s a scene which Robyn pick up a gun and kill a soldier to protect her friends. This is one of a big issue in the film, it’s telling about is it right to kill people if it is for self-defense. Robyn is a religious girl and she broke the rule to kill people. I think this film’s theme is this issue because they have to reach their mind and have pluck to fight. The good thing in this film, I think it can clearly show about Australia’s national security, the moralities of warfare and the European invasion in Australia through Ellie’s video log. It was a interesting way to start the story. It shows a very realistic story by video recording. Looks like Ellie really filmed the truth of the Australia.
Sunday, October 13, 2019
Christian Symbolism In Lord Of The Flies
Christian Symbolism In Lord Of The Flies In the novel the Lord of the Flies, by William Golding, strong parallels have been drawn between Simon and Jesus Christ. In the novel, Simon is described as a Christ-like figure. Although William Golding does not directly connect the Christian symbolism to The Lord of the Flies, we can clearly see that Simon is indeed the resemblance of Jesus Christ for he is a wise, mature and insightful character just as how Christ is known as, being sacrificed as a consequence of discovering the truth regarding the beast, and also, his conversation with the Lord of the Flies corresponds to Jesus Christs confrontation with the devil during Jesus forty days in the wilderness, as told in the Christian Gospels. In the Lord of the Flies, Simon portrays many characteristics similar to those Jesus Christ had while he was on earth. He is a wise, mature, and kind-hearted boy, just like how Jesus Christ is known by all people. These characteristics can be shown during the time when Simon sneaks off and goes into the jungle alone after he has finished helping Ralph in building the shelter. He turned his back and walked into the forest with an air of purpose (Golding 55). From this, we can see that Simon is indeed wise and mature in the sense that he does not want to be involved in the argument between Ralph and Jack. To him, it is merely something of no great concern. Similarly, Jesus withdrew himself from his disciples and went into the wilderness to pray alone, in order to seek the face of God (Holy). Besides, Simon finds and picks fruit for the littluns from spots they cannot reach, then he passes the fruits to their hands (Golding 56). Simon was not at all required to perform this service, yet he did. He did the best he could (Sparknotes). Likewise, Jesus cares for little children too. The Lord even once said, Let the children come to me, and do not hinder them, for the kingdom of heaven belongs to such as these (Holy). Hence, this has shown that Simon and Jesus Christ do have something in common in their personalities. Apart from that, as written by William Golding, Simon is killed sacrificially by the other boys on the island as a consequence of having discovered the truth about the beast. Initially, Simon attempts to explain that the boys themselves, or something related to the human nature could be the beast that all of them are afraid of. He tells them that maybe there is a beast. However, none of boys actually believe him. Furthermore, Ralph even stands up in amazement in regards to Simons point of view about the beast (Golding 89). Nevertheless, Simon knows that the beast is harmless; therefore he must reveal the truth to them. This is due to the fact that he sees the need for the boys to understand the true identity of the beast. In the end, Simon eventually dies as a result of being made the scapegoat for the boys unshakeable fear. As a result of being mistaken as the beast, Simon is leapt on, struck, bit, and tore (Golding 153). Similarly, Jesus Christ is killed for spreading the gospel to all people, as there were some who refused to believe in him. This is the main reason why He was crucified 2000 years ago. The Jewish mocked him, took off his robe, then they led him away to crucify him (Holy). Although Jesus is not sinful, he was killed simply because people did not believe his words. During that time, no one believed that Jesus Christ is truly the Son of God. This is exactly like what happens to Simon in the Lord of the Flies, in which both of them are sacrificed because no one believed in them. Furthermore, Simons conversation with the Lord of the Flies demonstrates some characteristics similar to Jesus Christs confrontation with the devil during His forty days in the wilderness, as told in the Christian Gospels. In the novel, the Lord of the Flies tells Simon that evil lies within every human and because of that, he is going to have some fun. It even tells him to run off and play with the others (Golding 143). Besides, Simon is once again told by the Lord of the Flies that all of them will be unable to escape him, the beast, for it is inside the boys themselves. This somehow foreshadows Simons death in the later part of the novel. This shows that the Lord of the Flies, which is also the physical manifestation of the beast, has now become the symbol of power and evil as well as a kind of Satan figure who induces the beast within each human being (Sparknotes). Therefore, through Simons conversation with the Lord of the Flies, the readers of this novel are then able to know t he truth about the beast that has been haunting all the stranded boys on the island all the time. At the same time, 2000 years ago, Jesus Christ experienced the same thing as Simon does in the Lord of the Flies. Jesus encountered the devil during His forty days in the wilderness. During that time, He had to face Satan. Satan offered Him food, power, and wealth. However, all those were completely rejected by Jesus. He answered Satan by saying Thou shalt not tempt the Lord thy God (Holy). Hence, from what Simon and Jesus Christ have encountered, where both of them had to face this situation when they are alone, William Golding has clearly portrayed Simon as a Christ-like figure in the novel. As a whole, the character Simon, in the Lord of the Flies is indeed portrayed as the resemblance of Jesus Christ for he is wise, mature, and insightful, having been sacrificed as a consequence of discovering the truth, and also, his conversation with the Lord of the Flies parallels the confrontation between Jesus and the devil during Jesus forty days in the wilderness, as told in the Christian Gospels. William Golding has shown some Christian ideas and themes in his story by developing some parallel ideas between Simon and the Lord Jesus Christ. Nevertheless, readers of the novel ought to always remember that the biblical parallels between Simon and Christ are not exactly complete; hence, they should not necessarily be the primary basis to interpreting the story (Sparknotes).
Saturday, October 12, 2019
Essay --
Relative Strength and weaknesses of modeling, simulation and prototyping. Strengths: †¢ It helps to get an overall structure for a complex system. Creating a model involves the system designer and the clients. Therefore it is suitable to have an idea of what the end product will turn out to be. †¢ Modeling and simulation allows the designers to compute values for different inputs which is difficult to achieve in the real world. †¢ It is cost effective. If the model and simulations are reliable it cuts down on the money required for testing. Weaknesses: †¢ In making a model the requirements of the client or the main problem to be addressed may be misplaced. †¢ The models and simulations may not be accurate in all conditions in reality. †¢ The models can be too simplistic to solve problems involving complex problems †¢ Designers may over rely on models on simulations than actual testing. Problematic assumptions in modelling, simulation and prototyping: One the examples I would like to point out is the flight which crashed on August 16th 1987, the plane was a Mc Donnell Douglous MD-80 operated by the Northwest Airlines. The reason for the crash according to the NTSB was that the aircraft was not set up for take-off properly by the crew due to failure in adhering to the pre-flight checklist. [1] Another factor which contributed to the mishap was the failure of the flight takeoff warning system which did not indicate to the flight crew that the flight was improperly set up for takeoff. This failure of the takeoff system was due to the loss in power to the warning system due to circuit failure. Why is this a simulation error? It is because in the flight simulator this warning system flashed a light when the system was down but in the actual ... ...ight budget and timeframe, this led to engineers relying more on models and simulations than actual testing. Models like the Radar-terrain interaction and Dynamical control effects of pulse-mode propulsion were not properly validated due budget constraints. This reliance on software models and simulations may have caused the MPL to be destroyed. These tools can be used but their limitations should also be known. In order to minimize these failures a decisive decision should be taken early in the development stages by experts and experienced system architects and engineers this will minimize the errors made in the finishing stages. Risk assessment should be carried out whenever analysis are based on models and simulations without being validated by actual testing. This will help reduce the over reliance on models and simulations by the engineers. [4] References: 1.
Friday, October 11, 2019
Government Welfare
Obviously not, Welfare, at the government level, is mainly monies given to promote the basic physical and material well-being of people in need. This would include survivor benefits given to the widow/widowers of service-members. I don’t feel all areas of welfare should be abolished for instance the WIC program which provides vouchers to low income mothers to assist in buying formula and healthy foods in which would not be possible without the program.The price of baby formula can be very expensive in which millions of children would suffer from hunger, unhealthy diets and other health problems in regards to nutritional factors. Sometimes, it's just a matter of helping someone who's down on their luck for a short time, and then there are cases where you've got an elderly person who is all alone and needs some assistance. However, corporate welfare should be abolished, and regular welfare should be better managed. Anyone who is on welfare should be required to work or go to sch ool 40 hours a week to get their check; welfare should be a hand up, not a hand out.I think some people definitely need help. Sometimes, it's just a matter of helping someone who's down on their luck for a short time, and then there's cases where you've got an elderly person who is all alone and needs some assistance. However, corporate welfare should be abolished, and regular welfare should be better managed. Anyone who is on welfare should be required to work or go to school 40 hours a week to get their check; welfare should be a hand up, not a hand out.The system is so bloated and unmanageable that it allows many people to abuse it. Abolishing welfare would truly be one of the most unthinkable things to do to our fellow men and women not to mention the children involved who weren’t quite as â€Å"Lucky†as many of us have been in life. The Family Support Act, America's most recent effort at welfare reform, begins to take effect this year. The new law seeks to get si ngle mothers off welfare through a combination of job training, work requirements, child care subsidies, and child support enforcement.Cutting the welfare rolls is, in turn, supposed to save the taxpayer money while enhancing the self-respect of single mothers and their children. ( http://prospect. org/article/real-welfare-problem) Some Democrats believe the 1996 welfare reform is better than the recommendations of the Obama Administration. â€Å"The House voted Thursday (September 20, 2012) to block the Obama Administration's unilateral weakening of welfare's work requirements, and political reporters are writing it off as a partisan primal scream if they notice at all.†(Unknown, 2012)All Republicans and nineteen Democrats showed their dislike of the current administrations path down the welfare reform road with an astounding 250-164 rout over welfare reform recommendations. That’s one-tenth of the Democratic caucus joining with the Republicans to say our people need welfare in its current state during these hard economic times. The Reform Act was started during the Clinton Administration in August of 1996. However, welfare has been a controversial issue since the 1960’s.It was not until the late 1980’s, when the citizens were concerned and asking for some kind of reform to the welfare system. I do think that over the years there have been many changes to welfare programs. Many of these changes have been good, although some have been bad. The current welfare program will not see any beneficial changes until someone offers a more beneficial way of doing things. Unfortunately there have been very few ideas to change the welfare system. Hopefully in the future this changes.
Thursday, October 10, 2019
Byzantium is short for the Byzantine Empire
Byzantium is short for the Byzantine Empire. It can also be used to refer to the capital city of the Roman Empire, later renamed Constantinople after Emperor Constantine who rebuilt the city into a modern capital of Christianity at the time. Byzantine was heavily influenced by Greece and the Greek culture. With that came the Greek mythical gods and icon culture representing ones religious beliefs. Constantinople also became the seat of the pope of the Catholic Church (â€Å"History of the Byzantine Empire†).Icons can be defined as representations of deities, saints or sacred scenes such as the crucifixion of Christ. In the Byzantine Empire these were very popular and were made from any medium including gemstones, wood, stone, marble, enamel, precious metal, and mosaic. Additionally, they ranged in size from small to huge and were even painted on walls as murals (Brookes). It was believed that these icons would bring success in battle and were often carried when troops were goi ng to war. They were also believed to bring healing to the sick and good fortune.By being in contact with the icons, it was said that one was able to directly communicate with the deity or saint represented by the icon (Brookes). As the culture of creating icons grew, it began to clash with the teachings of Christianity which had taken root as a major religion in the Byzantine Empire. The first commandment in the 10 commandments given to Moses clearly stated that there should be no graven images made as this would make the people prone to the worship of idols. As such, iconoclasm took root. The term iconoclasm means ‘image breaker’ which referred to the habit of breaking images for political or religious reasons.In ancient times, if a ruler was conquered by another, any image of that ruler was quickly broken by their successor or conqueror, hence the term. In Byzantium, iconoclasm referred to a theological debate that spanned about a century between the state and the ch urch (Brookes). As Christianity grew, the creation of icons was barred by the state and the cross was promoted as the only representation of the church. The main motivation for this was so the people would stop looking to the icons as the source of their healing, good fortune and success and start looking to Christ and by so doing discourage veneration of the icons.The issues surrounding the icons were that whereas one faction saw the icons as a representation of their faith and salvation, the other group saw them as mere idols. Their argument being that the only representation of Christ given to the church was the holy Eucharist, or Holy Communion (Trakakis). The iconoclast found a dilemma in the icons in that an image of Christ was supposed to capture the humanity of Christ without taking away the divinity. However, the Godhead could not very well be represented by an image of Christ.The Iconophile, saw it as not trying to capture the divinity or humanity of Christ but the person of Christ, which then tied the human and divine together. To the Iconophile, the fact that Christ had come in a human body made a depiction of him possible. Therefore whereas Iconoclasts were bent on depicting the spirit as superior to matter, the Iconophile so the created matter as a perfect means to see God in the created matter thus deifying the said matter. This became the crux of the controversy (Trakakis).Procopius’ book â€Å"Secret History†had been hidden for centuries until it was discovered in the Vatican library and printed in 1623 AD (Glenn). Procopius was a famous historian in the time that Justinian ruled Byzantium. Having written other texts on the Roman Empire in the 6th century, he wrote this secret book that gave the details of how Justinian and his wife Theodora a former courtesan plundered Rome and murdered millions of people. Justinian is said to have forced people into the Christian faith, while his actions remained decidedly contrary to its teac hings.He and Theodora made people pay for Justice, belittled their needs and robbed Roman citizens of their property and money. Justinian would side with priests who stole and murdered and even took property from citizens to give to the church thinking that he would have favor with God for doing so (Altwater) This book is significant because it reveals a different side of the history of Byzantium in the time of Justinian, unlike the official annals of history written for the empire. In the Byzantine Empire, Pagan art was seen as leading people to false gods. It was mainly based on the polytheistic Greek gods and was figural.As such, it was shunned by the growing Christian population. Due to the iconoclasm controversy, much of the art of the Byzantine Empire did not reflect one figural scene to avoid the said controversy. Because of the persecution that followed Christians who supported icons, Byzantine religious art shrunk to focus mainly on the cross and symbolic birds and plants ( â€Å"The Byzantine Empire†). The Byzantine Empire is an intriguing time with tales like no other. Ranging from the amphitheaters to the arena where offenders where crucified to death or torn to pieces by wild animals.The religious mix was no less intriguing and the rise of Christianity in the Byzantine Empire brought with it many controversies. Justinian became an enforcer of Christianity in the empire causing its spread, but at the same time going against the tenets of the faith according to the ‘Secret History’ by Procopius. Additionally, because of the first of the Ten Commandments, there arose a controversy as to whether icons were graven images, which were forbidden, or not. This in turn affected the way the people of Byzantium perceived pagan art, which was mainly based on pagan gods, goddesses and symbols.As such, Byzantine religious art was narrowed down to include the cross and other symbols that bespoke Christianity without compelling veneration. Works Cited Atwater, Richard. â€Å"Procopius of Caeasrea: The Secret History. †Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1961. 10 Mar. 2009 Brooks, Sarah. â€Å"Icons and Iconoclasm in Byzantium†. In Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History. New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art, 2000. 10 Mar. 2009 Glenn, Joshua.â€Å"A Brief History of Secret Histories. †2008. 10 Mar. 2009 â€Å"History of the Byzantine Empire. †24 Feb. 2009. 10 Mar. 2009 â€Å"The Byzantine Empire: The Roman-Byzantine Period. †10 Mar. 2009 Trakakis, Nick. â€Å"What was the Iconoclast Controversy About? †Theandros. 2 vols. 2004-2005. 10 Mar. 2009
PLato and Education Essay
Plato was the earliest most important Greek Philosopher and educational thinker. Plato thinks education as a key for a society and he stress on education, for this purpose he want to go to the extreme level even removing children from their mothers and rise them by the state, he want to identify the skills of the children and give them proper education for that particular skill which they have so they could be become a suitable member of the society and fulfil their duty in society. Plato want to a search for intelligent and gifted children in the whole society, Plato’s don’t belief that talent belong to a limited class therefore he stress on education for all so the talented children get the chance to shine. Plato contributed a lot in the form of ideas and it inspired his follower to find new ways for education and training of the children. In fact Plato himself did not contribute directly to science and mathematics but he stress on these subjects, his philosophy of education influenced the developments of these subjects in centuries to come. In the philosophy of Plato we can see some signs of the philosophy of Socrates; However Plato covered the major aspects of philosophy discussed today. Plato was born in an upper class family in Athens; he was interested in political career, but after the death of his teacher Socrates Plato pursues his teacher philosophy. For the purpose of education Plato travel to Egypt and Italy, there he learnt mathematics. After returning home he established an Academy, to teach moral values to the elite youth of Athens to make them better leaders of the society. Plato shows his ability of writing in different fields; ethics, music, drama, poetry, metaphysics, dance, architecture which are the ideal forms of Government. Contribution of Plato in scientific subject is little but his ideas on education inspired his followers to explore new dimension in education. Plato writes in his book â€Å"Let us describe the education of our men. What then is the education to be? Perhaps we could hardly find a better than that which the experience of the past has already discovered, which consists, I believe, in gymnastic, for the body, and music for the mind. †Plato not only consider better education for men but also believe on strong body and sound mind, for body he recommend sports and for sound mind music. Plato †No man should bring children into the world, who is unwilling to persevere to the end in their nature and education. †EDUCATIONAL THEORIES OF PLATO Education for All Plato want every boy and girl educated to it limit. State Education Education should be provided by the state not by parents. Organization and Curriculum. Plato curriculum was consist of gymnastic and music, where in gymnastic include physical training and music used in broad term for dram, history, oratory and music in real term, he define different stages for the organization and curriculum; 1. Elementary School Co-education at elementary level and teach them mathematics, poetry, music and literature till the age of eighteen years. 2. Military Training After elementary education two years of Physical education should be given to them and select best of them for higher education; to prepare for the future guardians of the state. 3. Higher Education Higher education should be given from twenty to thirty-five years of age, he well study the subjects at this stage mathematics, literature and philosophy. Later on he would be opponent at a minor administrative position to get experience for the future more important governing positions. â€Å"The object of education is to turn the eye which the soul already possesses to the light. The whole function of education is not to put knowledge into the soul, but to bring out the best things that are latent in the soul, and to do so by directing it to the right objects. The problem of education, then, is to give it the right surrounding. †-(Plato’s Republic, Book vii, 518) Nothing was more important to Plato in human life as education. He considers education the greatest thing in human life as he mention in his book â€Å"the one great thing†. Plato’s Theory of education was an indispensable necessity for mankind. It was a positive remedy for the problems and operation of justice in an ideal state. Women Education Plato also emphases on women education, he consider the same kind of education for women. Women should the same physical and educational training; they should know the art of war. The main aim of Plato was that each member of the society should undertake his work and responsibilities. Plato believed that women are equal to men and that, although some women are physically smaller or weak, some women are physically equal to men therefore those women who are physically strong should be allowed to learn the same skills that men do. In his book Republic Plato describes how male and female receive the same education and be given the same duties in society as given to the male member. These people are the ones who will be in charge his republic which would be an ideal society, where philosophers are kings. In other words, who know what is good for the people and for the mankind and take their decisions based on that knowledge. Teaching Methods Plato recommended play method at elementary level; student should learn by doing. And when he reached the higher level of education, his reason would be trained in the processes of thinking and abstracting. Plato wants motivation and interest in learning. He is against the use of force in education. â€Å"Knowledge which is acquired under compulsion obtains no hold on the mind. †In another place he writes â€Å"Do not then train youths by force and harshness, but direct them to it by what amuses their minds so that you may be better able to discover with accuracy the peculiar bent of the genius of each. †– Plato Plato writes in his Republic â€Å"Bodily exercise, when compulsory, does no harm to the body; but knowledge which is acquired under compulsion obtains no hold on the mind†Plato â€Å"The most effective kind of education is that a child should play amongst lovely things. †Plato wants a place where children love to go and stay there and they play with things which enhance their education by playing. Plato gives importance to nursery education, he thinks nursery education plays a vital role in the education of man, it help to build his moral character and state of mind â€Å"The most important part of education is proper training in the nursery. †–plato Plato think It will be hard to discover a better [method of education] than that which the experience of so many ages has already discovered, and this may be summed up as consisting in gymnastics for the body, and _music_ for the soul†¦ For this reason is a musical education so essential; since it causes Rhythm and Harmony to penetrate most intimately into the soul, taking the strongest hold upon it, filling it with _beauty_ and making the man _beautiful-minded_. The above quotation of Plato show, how he sees education, he wants the total development of a man, mind body and soul by using every possible mean. That why in another place Plato writes; â€Å"But then, if I am right, certain professors of education must be wrong when they say that they can put a knowledge into the soul which was not there before, like sight into blind eyes. They undoubtedly say this, he replied. Whereas, our argument shows that the power and capacity of learning exists in the soul already; and that just as the eye was unable to turn from darkness to light without the whole body, so too the instrument of knowledge can only by the movement of the whole soul be turned from the world of becoming into that of being, and learn by degrees to endure the sight of being, and of the brightest and best of being, or in other words, of the good. †-Plato’s Allegory of the Cave & Exploring Plato’s Plato Aims of Education* To develop leader among the future rulers. * To develop hard and competent workers. * To produce leaders with military skill among the warriors. * To produce future Civil Servants of the state. The highest goal of education, Plato believed, is the knowledge of Good; to nurture a man to a better human being it is not merely an awareness of particular benefits and pleasures, Stages of Education Plato describes different stages of education in his republic. According to Plato the education of child should be start at the age of seven year and before this stage the child should stay with their mother or elders and learn moral education from them. After the age of six years both girls and boys should be separated and boys should play with boys and girls with girls and they should be taught the use of different arms to both sexes. This stage goes up to the age of seventeen years. During these years they should teach them music and early education. After the age of seventeen years the youth should be brought to battle filed to learn real life experiences. The four stages start at the age of twenty five to thirty years and in this age they get the training of Mathematical calculation and last for another ten years, after the completion the selected one’s are admitted in the study of dialect. During fifth stage they study dialect for another five years and after that, at the sixth stage one is ready to become a ruler and philosopher and the one enter in practical life. Plato’s View on Moral Ethics Ethics is the most important branch of philosophy. Plato especially gives attention to the moral and ethical education of the men, later on Plato gradually widened the scope of his investigations by reflecting not only on the social and political conditions of morality, but also on the logical and metaphysical presuppositions of a successful moral theory. Plato presents his ideas for an ideal society in his Republic and he provided detail about the curriculum and system of education. According to Plato the ideal society who cares for their youth and the guardian would be responsible for the moral education of their children. Every person would know his duty and his responsibility. Bibliography Annas, J. (1993). The Morality of Happiness. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Franck, Matthew. (n. d). â€Å"Aldous Huxley’s City in Speech: Brave New World and the Republic of Plato†Paper presented at the annual meeting of the The Midwest Political Science Association, Palmer House Hilton, Chicago, Illinois, A Kahn, C. (1996). Plato and the Socratic Dialogue. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Numan, M. (2003). Foundation of education. Peshawar: Umair composing center. Posted by Sultan Muhammad at 9:39.
Wednesday, October 9, 2019
Book report for the catcher in the rye Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words
Book report for the catcher in the rye - Essay Example In many ways, the life of the main character, Holden, resembles that of Salinger. For example, just like Holden, Salinger had a difficult school life that was mainly characterized by poor performance. Also, Salinger lived a lonely quite life, which may be considered similar to that of Holden. The book criticizes the 1950’s culture through Holden. It highlights societal attitudes of ignorance to human conditions. It is the phony nature of Holden’s society that leads him to a nervous breakdown. At the beginning of the novel, Holden describes Pencey as phony. He sees most people surrounding him as phony. On his last evening at Pencey, he picks a fight with his roommate, Stradlater. He is offended by the idea that his roommate gets romantically involved with Jane Gallagher, one of Holden’s ex-girlfriends who he still admires. Holden feels that Stradlater is taking advantage of Jane, and picks a fight. The fight prompts him to leave Pencey immediately. He sets off by midnight and takes a train to New York City. On arrival, he checks into Edmond Hotel and spends two nights there. While there, he is mostly drunken and lonely. One of his most memorable experiences was with a prostitute whom he paid without getting her services. The prostitute turned out to b e unsatisfied and came back for more money. He later meets his Carl Luce, and old acquaintance and Sally Hayes, his on-and-off girlfriend. Both meetings leave him more lonely. He later sneaks into his parents’ house to visit Phoebe, his kid sister whom he’s more comfortable around. Talking to Phoebe brightens him up and he heads to visit Mr. Antolini, his ex-English teacher. He wakes up to find Mr. Antolini petting his head in a perverted way, which upsets him. His view of his society as phony heightens as he walks around his kid sister’s school and he keeps seeing swear words. He visions himself as the Catcher in the rye – the guardian of children.
Tuesday, October 8, 2019
Newcastle College international strategies and beyond with respect to Essay
Newcastle College international strategies and beyond with respect to India - Essay Example the validity of the hypothesis that the marketing strategy that has been most lucrative in the case of New Castle College in India has been one that is distinct from one that New Castle College generally employs and has been tailored for the Indian consumers. Over time, numerous colleges based in the United Kingdom have established their campuses in the Asian region (Cornuel 2005). Most notable of these ventures have been those that have been established in developing counties such as India where ventures such as these are being welcomed by local and federal governments (Aggarwal 1982). However, these colleges have observed that there is a stark difference between the marketing strategy that they use in the United Kingdom and the one that they should use in India (Trade and Industry Committee, Great Britain Parliament and House of Commons 2006). This difference has been attributed to the trends towards education that are found in the Indian populace. It is for the same reason that this paper shall use the case of the Indian campus of New Castle College and shall highlight the marketing strategy that New Castle College adopted in India in order to gain a better understanding of the same fact. The paper shall take advantage of publications such as Imagining Marketing: Art, Aesthetics, and the Avant-garde by Brown and Patterson, Geography of marketing and commercial activities in India: documentation on research information by Dixit, International Marketing Strategy: Analysis, Development and Implementation by Doole and Lowe, Marketing across cultures in Asia by Gestelanda and Seyk, Marketing library and information services: international perspectives by Gupta and other similar publications. A complete list of readings that will be used in the research can be found in the suggested readings list at the end of this research proposal. The research shall initiate by considering literature that pertains to the marketing of academic institutions in foreign regions
Monday, October 7, 2019
Discuss the effects of MEMS on product design, giving detailed Essay - 1
Discuss the effects of MEMS on product design, giving detailed examples of at least two product histories - Essay Example product design in industrial application systems and in the manufacturing of accelerometers is very elaborate, being evidenced by developments in iPhone and TAHE refrigerators, as shall be seen in the discussion which ensues forthwith. The reason behind iPhone and TAHE refrigerators increased volume of sales is because of the integration of MEMS technology into their operating systems, since this approach highly promotes effective and finer product design. MEMS technology has greatly promoted iPhone technology and product design by incorporating the gyroscope technology into its product design, since 2008. A gyroscope is a device that is used for measuring and maintaining orientation, based on the fundamental principles of the conservation of angular momentum. The applicability of the MEMS technology when using the gyroscope in order to further iPhone product designs is underscored by the fact that these gyroscopes use spinning rotors at the centre, in order to read changes that have taken place in orientation. It is for this reason that this kind of gyroscope is referred to as MEMS gyroscope (ADI, 2013, 1). The MEMS technology specifically achieves this feat through the process of integration. Specifically, MEMS does this by integrating electronic and mechanical components, and embedding the same into the entire system, at a very small scale. This feat can easily be achieved through the use of micro-machined silicon sensors and ASIC. For instance, the AGDI 2022 FP6AQ chip is found in the iPhone 4 and it also serves as the MEMS gyroscope which is reputed for having been designed by STMicroelectronics (Kolesar, 1998, 1). There is also the use of chip work which helps embed the gyroscope into the entire MEMS system. The same chip work is found in iPhone 4 and is identical to an off-the-shelf STMicroelectronics which is known as the L3G4200D. Since 2008, the use of GK10A also came in handy, since it oscillates or vibrates when the drive signal is triggered or
Saturday, October 5, 2019
Social Capital on Facebook Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words
Social Capital on Facebook - Essay Example The book, Democracy in America, was written by Alexis de Tocqueville and had played significant role in the modern society of America. Tocqueville, a social scientist, had educated American audience to discern systematic studies of the relationship of democracy and civil society. The freedom enclosed in the concept of democracy extends up to the privilege of expression of the individuals. Freedom of expression is now being played up and exploited being the selling point of the social networking sites. Social networking sites such as Facebook and Twitter, two of the most famous social network, allowed their users to express and document every thoughts and activities of one’s own account. This privilege suddenly made Facebook a non-virtual consort place and pool of information, and sometimes of misinterpretation. With this fact in mind, it’s a marvel with what advantages and downsides that awaits in the society that social networking had brought in. Social Capital. Robert Putnam, author of the book Making Democracy Work: Civic Traditions in Modern Italy (1993) was able to expound the connection of social network to social capital. During an interview with Putnam, he had stated that â€Å"the quality of public life and the performance of social institutions are indeed powerfully influenced by norms and networks of civic engagement.†... This was primarily designed to be used in Harvard University, to know each other better. (Carlson 2011) In 2007, a study of The Benefits of Facebook "Friends:" Social Capital and College Students' Use of Online Social Network Sites had cited Putnam’s distinction between bridging and bonding social capital. An excerpt of the study to purposely explain is below: The former is linked to what network researchers refer to as "weak ties," which are loose connections between individuals who may provide useful information or new perspectives for one another but typically not emotional support (Granovetter, 1982). Alternatively, bonding social capital is found between individuals in tightly-knit, emotionally close relationships, such as family and close friends. After briefly describing the extant literature on these two forms of social capital and the Internet, we introduce an additional dimension of social capital that speaks to the ability to maintain valuable connections as one pro gresses through life changes. This concept, "maintained social capital," permits us to explore whether online network tools enable individuals to keep in touch with a social network after physically disconnecting from it. True to its film counterpart, The Social Network (2010), Facebook’s surprising fame seems to imply a persistent and startling necessity for even the closest â€Å"connection†in the broad network many times less socialized, linked and shared than the one in which our parents and grandparents grew up. However, universality is not much of an index, especially when the product at hand is absolutely free. (Atkinson 2011) Influence. Putnam had explained â€Å"that social connections and civic engagement pervasively influence our public
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